Oil grooving machine



May 9, 1939. A. F. FISCHER OIL GROOVING MACHINE Filed July 21, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet l H dra-TA;

y 1939. A. F. FISCHER 2,157,484

OIL GROOVING MACHINE Filed July 21, 1937- 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 47 46 ecz fjzffir lab- 45%;) 43 45 I W May 9, 1939.

A. F. FISCHER OIL GROOVING MACHINE Filed July 21, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 May 9, 1939. A. FISCHER 2,157,484

OIL GROOVING MACHINE Filed July 21, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 hf fii 0 0 x. ,7. i

Patented May 9, 1939 PATENT OFFIQE OIL GROOVING MACHINE Albert F. Fischer, Philadelphia, Pa., assignor to William F. Fischer, Philadelphia, Pa.

Application July 21, 1937, Serial No. 154,877

11 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in. machine tools, and more particularly in tools of a type designed to cut oil grooves or the like in bearings or other mechanical elements.

A principal object of the invention is to provide a machine of this character which shall be characterized by relative simplicity of form and eificiency of operation, and that shall be capable of operation at a relatively high production rate.

To this general end, a more specific object of the invention is to provide a machine of the stated character having a novel arrangement of Working parts providing for a minimum length of working stroke and for unobstructed introduction and withdrawal of the work from the machine.

Still another object of the invention is to provide in a machine of the stated character novel and improved means for manually bringing the tool into engagement with the work and for regulating the depth of cut.

A still further object of the invention is to provide novel and improved mechanism for automatically withdrawing the tool from the work, said mechanism providing also for cutting oil grooves and the like in tapered bearings and in other mechanical elements departing from a true cylindrical form.

The invention further contemplates the provision of a tool of the stated character wherein the cutting tool is carried by a rotary spindle, which spindle is relatively fixed axially with respect to a reciprocating carriage which supports the work, and an object of the invention is to provide novel means for adjusting the tool radially with respect to the axis of said spindle.

- The invention further resides in the novel structural details and arrangements hereinafter described and illustrated in the attached drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevational view of the upper portion of a machine made in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 1a is a reduced vertical sectional view of the lower portion of the machine;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary plan view of an element of the mechanism shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is aview in perspective of the tool-holding and adjusting mechanism;

. Fig. 4 is a sectional perspective view of said holder showing the details of the adjusting mechanism;

Fig.5 is a section on the line 55, Fig. 4;

Fig, 6 is a fragmentary plan view illustrating details of the tool control mechanism;

Fig. 7 is a front elevational view of the portions of the machine shown in Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary elevational view from the rear side of the machine showing details of the relieving and tapering mechanism, and

Fig. 9 is a view in perspective showing a number of bearings and illustrating various types of groove which the machine is capable of cutting.

With reference to Fig. 1 of the drawings, the machine therein illustrated as an embodiment of my invention comprises a suitable standard I, in the form in the present instance of a hollow casing. This standard has at its forward end and below the top thereof an extension 2 on which are formed dovetailed guides 3 for a sliding carriage i. Mounted upon a bracket 5 secured to the carriage 4 is a chuck 6 which is adapted in the operation of the machine to hold the work piece I. The details of the clutch 6 form no part of the present invention, and it is sufficient to state that this clutch, preferably, is so formed as to be capable of rapid operation through the medium of a lever t to grip or release the work piece I, which may be inserted and withdrawn from the forward or outer end of the chuck.

Journaled in the upper end of the standard I is a rotary spindle 9, this spindle having attached at its forward end a tool holder H, the details of which will be hereinafter described, and this holder is adapted to support a cutting tool i2 P relation with the spindle. Loosely mounted on 3 the rear end of the spindle 9 is a toothed gear l3 which is held against axial movement on the spindle by a set screw Id. The hub of this gear I3 is formed at is to constitute one element of a dog clutch, the other element E6 of this clutch being splined or keyed to the spindle, as indicated at ll, and having a freedom of axial movement on the spindle sufiicient to clear it from the ele ment 5. The clutch element I5 has a circumferential slot l8 in which are engaged the bifurcations of a fork I9, see Fig. 2, this fork being secured at the end of a rod 2| slidably supported in bracket arms 22, 22 secured to the casing. Between the brackets 22, the rod 2| carries a handle 23, and between this handle and the rear one of the brackets 22 and supported on the rod 2| is a coiled spring 24 which through the handle exerts pressure tending to force the rod forwardly to thereby bring the clutch element l6 into engagement with the element l5. When the clutch |5--I6 is thus engaged, it will be apparent that the gear 13 is rotatable with the spindle 9.

The gear 13 is connected through an idler gear 25 with a gear 26, this latter gear being secured to a drive shaft 21 journaled in the casing and in a bracket 28 secured to the exterior of the casing. The outer end of this shaft is provided with a step pulley 29 by means of which the shaft may be operatively connected to a source of power (not shown). The idler gear 25 is supported upon a bracket 3! adjustably secured to the casing, the adjustability of this bracket providing for replacement of the gear 25 by other gears of differing pitch diameter to thereby vary the speed ratio of the spindle 9 with respect to the drive shaft 27. The actual speed of rotation of the drive shaft and of the spindle 9 may be regulated through the medium of the step pulley 29.

On the inner end of the shaft 21 is a bevel pinion 32 which meshes with a bevel gear 33 operatively connected to an adjustable crank gear 34 in the interior of the casing. The crank 34 is operatively connected through a rod 35 with the carriage l. Rotation of the crank gear through the pinion 32 and gear 33 effects a reciprocatory movement of the carriage on the guides 3. The outer end of the connecting rod 35, which extends through the hollow extension 2 of the casing, is adjustably connected to the carriage s through the medium of a bolt 35, hand nut 38a, and slot 3?; and means is provided for manually adjusting the carriage i longitudinally of the guides 3 and with respect to the connecting rod, this means comprising a hand wheel 38 rotatably mounted on the carriage and having connected therewith a pinion (not shown) which meshes with a rack 39 secured to the bolt 36. The crank gear 34 is of conventional type and provides for adjustment of the reciprocatory movement of the carriage from zero to the maximum throw of the crank. It will be apparent from the foregoing description that the carriage Al and spindle 9 are operated in timed relation with each other through the common drive shaft 2].

As shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5, the tool holder l l comprises a cylindrical body member t! having threads 32 at its rear end for attachment of the holder to the spindle 9. Slidably mounted on the exterior of the body ll is a sleeve 43 having a circumferential slot :24, the function of which will be hereinafter described. Secured in the inner portion of the sleeve 43 by means in the present instance of cap screws 55 is a rack 56, and this rack fits slidably in a longitudinal slot or recess 41 in the body member 4!. The rack 16 thus constitutes in effect a spline permitting axial movement of the sleeve on the body member but preventing relative rotation of these members. As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the body member M has a transverse cylindrical bore 48 in which is mounted sleeve bearings 39 for a shaft 5i. One end of the shaft 3% is embraced by a bearing cap 52 seated in one end of the bore 53, and the opposite end of the shaft 5! carries a pinion 53 which occupies a countersunk recess 54 at that end of the bore 38, said pinion meshing with the rack Q5. Intermediate its ends, the shaft 5! carries a second pinion 55 which meshes with a rack 55 secured at the rear or inner end of a tool carrier 5?. This carrier 5? is cylindrical in form in the present instance and is provided at opposite sides with slots 58,58, these slots in assembly being adapted to receive the parallel inner edge portions of segmental guide plates 59,59 secured by screws 5! to the forward end of the body member 4|. As clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the body member is recessed for reception of the inner end of the tool carrier 51 and the rack 56. The tool carrier 51 is thus rigidly guided for adjustment on a diametrical line intersecting the axis of the spindle 9, and is adjustable on this line from a true coaxial position with respect to the spindle axis to various degrees of radial misalignment with respect to said axis. This radial adjustment of the tool carrier 51 is effected by axial movement of the sleeve 43 on the body member I through the transmission elements consisting of the racks 46 and 56, the pinions 53 and 55, and the shaft 5|, which transmission is adapted to convert the axial movement of the sleeve 53 into the radial movement of the carrier 51.

With reference now to Figs. 1, 6 and 7, it will be noted that the sleeve 43 is embraced by a yoke 52, and at top and bottom respectively this yoke carries at the inner side thereof, and secured thereto by means of screws 63, segmental shoes 66,6 1 which fit neatly and slidably within the circumferential slot 34 of the sleeve. At the front side of the machine, as viewed from Fig. 1, the yoke 62 is provided wtih spaced ears 65,55, between which is pivotally secured a block 66, this block having trunnions 61,5! at top and bottom which enter apertures in the ears 65.- The block 53 is embraced by the bifurcations 68,68 at one end of a link 69, and this link is pivotally connected to the block by means of a pin H which extends through apertures in the bifurcations 58 and in the block. The link 69, which is adjustable as to length, has at its opposite ends bifurcations 12,12 which embrace and are pivotally secured, by means of a pin 13, to one arm of a bell crank lever 74, this lever being pivotally secured at '15 to the casing. The other arm of the lever is connected through a rod 16 with a treadle lever H, see Fig. 1a, pivotally attached to a bracket 18 at the base of the standard I. A coiled spring 19 embraces the rod 16 and is confined under tension between a collar 8| secured to the rod and a second collar 82 on the end of a bracket arm 83 secured to the casing and through which the rod loosely passes. This spring exerts a resilient pressure tending to maintain the rod T6 in an elevated position, as illustrated in the drawings, wherein the bell crank lever M is swung in the clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 1, thereby forcing the end of the yoke 32 to which this bell crank is connected toward the front end of the machine.

The opposite side of the yoke 62 is pivotally connected by a pin 34 to the forward end of a rod 85, which is guided for longitudinal movement in a bracket arm 86 secured to the rear side of the casing. A coiled spring 81 embracing the forward end of the rod 85 and confined between the forward side of the bracket 86 and a spring seat 88 at the forward end of the rod tends to hold this rod in an advanced position, as shown in Fig. 6. The rear end of the rod 85 is connected through a link 89 with the end .of an arm 9| on the upper end of a vertical shaft 92 journaled in the depending portion 93 of the bracket 86. The lower end of the shaft 92 carries an arm' 94, which has at its outer end a depending pin 95, and this pin, as shown in Figs. 6, '7 and 8, engages in the slot 96 of a rotary cam 91. This cam is secured to a shaft 93 which extends into the interior of the casing and to which is secured the bevel gear 33 and the adjustable crank gear 34 previously described. The cam 91 is, therefore,

rotated in timed relation with the rotation of the spindle and the movement of the carriage 4. The arm 94 is adjustably secured to the shaft 92 by means of a screw 99, and by releasing the screw the arm may be slid upwardly on the shaft 92 to an extent clearing the pin 95 from the cam slot 96, thereby permitting replacement of the cam 9'! by other cams of differing forms. The oscillatory movement of the shaft 92 may'thus be modified as required.

It will now be apparent that the yoke 62 finds in the pin 84 and in the trunnion 67 two fulcrum points about which the yoke 62, functioning as a lever, may turn. Assuming the fulcrum constituted by the pin 84 to be fixed, which occurs when the pin 95 occupies a truly circumferential portion of the cam slot 96 as illustrated in the drawings, it will be apparent that actuation of the treadle I1 will cause, through the rod I6, bell crank lever I4, and link 69, a rearward movement of the yoke 62 about the pin 84, and will effect a corresponding axial movement of the sleeve 43 upon the body member 4| of the tool holder. As previously set forth, an axial movement of the sleeve 43 results in a radial movement of the tool carrier 51. Normally and when the parts are as shown in the drawings, the tool carrier 51 will occupy a position coaxial with the spindle 9, and depression of the treadle 11 under these conditions will cause a radial displacement of the carrier 51 and a consequent axial misalignment of the tool I2 with respect to the spindle proportional to the extent to which the treadle I1 is depressed. It will be noted that the maximum misalignment of the tool I2 in this manner may be regulated by adjustment of a stop screw IUI, which limits the extent to which the treadle may be depressed, and also through adjustment of a second stop screw I62 which is threaded in a block I03 fixed to the casing and which carries a lock nut I04 provided with a handle I05, by means of which this nut may be quickly operated to bind the screw in adjusted position and to release the screw for adjustment. The forward end of this screw occupies a position rearwardly of the upper arm of the bell crank lever I4, and limits the rearward movement of this lever when actuated through the medium of the rod "I6 and treadle 11,

Assuming that the treadle TI is held in the fully depressed position, it will be apparent that the trunnions 61 will then constitute a fixed pivot for the yoke 62 about which said yoke may be moved by action of the cam 91 upon the opposite end. Since the treadle TI is depressed during the working stroke of the machine, it will be apparent that the cam 91 may act to return the tool carrier 51 toward its original position of axial alignment with the spindle 9, and may thus function to withdraw the tool from the work, or to periodically or continuously modify the depth of cut, this action occurring automatically while the treadle I! is depressed. The yoke 62, in effect, constitutes a floating lever affording both manual and automatic regulation of the position of the tool with respect to the work.

It is believed that the operation of the machine will be entirely clear from the foregoing description. It is possible to produce a large variety of different types of oil grooves, both internal and external, typical examples of such grooves being shown in Fig. 9 of the drawings. By disengaging the clutches I and I6 and by holding the spindle stationary through the medium of the binding screw indicated at I06 in Fig.

1, a straight oil groove may be cut parallel with the axis of the bearing; and by holding the carriage 4 stationary with the spindle revolving, a circular groove may be cut in a plane perpendicular to said axis. With the spindle looked through the medium of the binder screw I66 and the clutch disengaged, the machine is also adapted for cutting keyways. By changing the gear ratio between the driving shaft 2! and the spindle 9, provision may be made for cutting single, double or quadruple spirals. Automatic withdrawal of the cutting tool at different points in the revolution of the crank is accomplished through the medium of the relieving attachment consisting of the cam 91 and the mechanism which operatively connects this cam with the adjustable tool carrier, thereby modifying the form of groove as required. A feature of importance resides in the manner in which the work is supported and presented to the rotating tool, it being apparent that with this arrangement the work may be rapidly inserted and withdrawn from the clutch 6 without interference with or from the tool. With this arrangement also the length of the Working stroke for any cutting operation may be reduced to a minimum, since it is not essential that the work be cleared from the end of the tool before the finished work can be replaced by a new piece.

I claim:

1. In a machine tool, the combination with a rotary spindle, of a carriage movable in a fixed path axially of said spindle, and means for synchronously actuating said spindle and carriage, a work-retaining chuck mounted on the carriage, and a tool holder carried by the spindle and comprising means operatable while the spindle is rotating for adjusting the position of the tool transversely of the spindle axis.

2. In a machine tool, the combination with a rotary spindle, of a carriage movable in a fixed path axially of said spindle, and means for synchronously actuating said spindle and carriage, a work-retaining chuck mounted on the carriage, and a tool holder carried by the spindle and comprising means manually operatable while the spindle is rotating for adjusting the position of the tool transversely of the spindle axis.

3. In a machine tool, the combination with a rotary spindle, of a carriage movable in a fixed path axially of said spindle, and means for synchronously actuating said spindle and carriage, a work-retaining chuck mounted on the carriage, and a tool holder carried by the spindle and comprising a tool carrier supported for movement transversely of the axis of the spindle, a member supported for movement axially of said spindle, transmission means operatively connecting said carrier and member for converting the axial movement of said member into the transverse movement of the carrier, and means for operating said member.

4. In a machine tool, the combination with a rotary spindle, of a carriage movable in a fixed path axially of said spindle, and means for synchronously actuating said spindle and carriage, a work-retaining chuck mounted on the carriage, and a tool holder carried by the spindle and comprising a body having means for attachment to said spindle, a tool carrier guided in said body for adjustment transversely of the spindle axis, a sleeve mounted on the body for movement axially of the spindle, means for axially moving said sleeve, and transmission means connecting said sleeve and carrier and operative when the sleeve is axially moved to adjust the position of the carrier transversely of the spindle axis.

5. In a machine tool, the combination with a rotary spindle, of a carriage movable in a fixed path axially of said spindle, and means for synchronously actuating said spindle and carriage, a work-retaining chuck mounted on the carriage, and a tool holder carried by the spindle and comprising a body having means for attachment to said spindle, a tool carrier guided in said body for adjustment transversely of the spindle axis, a sleeve mounted on the body for movement axially of the spindle, a shaft journaled in said body, pinion gears affixed to said shaft, racks on said sleeve and carrier meshing respectively with said pinions, and means for axially moving said sleeve and operative through said racks and pinions to adjust the position of the carrier transversely of the spindle axis.

6. In a machine tool, the combination with a rotary spindle, of a carriage movable in a fixed path axially of said spindle, and means for synchronously actuating said spindle and carriage, a work-retaining chuck mounted on the carriage, and a tool holder carried by the spindle and comprising a body having means for attachment to said spindle, a tool carrier guided in said body for adjustment transversely of the spindle axis, a sleeve mounted on the body for movement axially of the spindle, a shaft journaled in said body, pinion gears affixed to said shaft, racks on said sleeve and carrier meshing respectively with said pinions, and means for axially moving said sleeve and operative through said racks and pinions to adjust the position of the carrier transversely of the spindle axis, said last-named means comprising a lever mounted for movement about a pivot relatively fixed with respect to said spindle and having an element engaging in a circumferential groove in said sleeve.

'7. In a machine tool, the combination with a rotary spindle, of a member fixed concentrically on said spindle, a carrier element guided in said member for movements transversely of the spindle axis, a rack on said carrier extending transversely of said axis, a shaft journaled in said member, a pinion on said shaft coactive with said rack, a second pinion on the shaft, a second rack extending axially of the spindle and coactive with the pinion last named, a sleeve mounted for axial movement on said member and connected with said second rack, means for immobilizing said sleeve against rotary movement with respect to said member, said sleeve having a circumferential groove, and relatively fixed means engageable in the groove for actuating the sleeve.

8. In a machine tool, the combination with a rotary spindle, of a tool holder carried by said spindle, a tool carrier guided in said holder for movements transversely of the spindle axis, and means for actuating said tool carrier, said means comprising an actuating element mounted for axial movement on said holder, a floating lever operatively connected with said actuating element for axially moving the latter, and a plurality of independent operating members connected to said lever and affording a joint regulation of the axial movements of said actuating element from a plurality of power sources.

9. In a machine tool, the combination with a rotary spindle, of a tool holder carried by said spindle, a tool carrier guided in said holder for movements transversely of the spindle axis, and means for transversely adjusting said carrier, said means comprising an actuating element mounted for axial movement on said holder, a floating lever operatively connected to said actuating element, and a plurality of operating mem bers connected to said lever at spaced points on the latter and constituting independent means for actuating said lever to axially move the said actuating element, each of said operating members being adapted to form a fulcrum about which said lever may turn under actuation by another of said operating members.

10. In a machine tool, the combination with a rotary spindle, of a tool holder carried by said spindle, a tool carrier guided in said holder for movements transversely of the spindle axis, and means including an actuating element mounted for axial movement on said holder for transversely adjusting said carrier, said adjusting means including also a floating lever operatively connected to said actuating element, a pair of operating members pivotally connected to said lever at spaced points longitudinally of the latter and constituting respectively fulcrums upon which said lever may turn when actuated by the other of said members, manual means for actuating one of said operating members, and mechanical means synchronized with the rotation of said spindle for actuating the other of said operating members.

11. In a machine tool, the combination with a rotary spindle, of a carriage movable in a fixed path axially of said spindle, and means for synchronously actuating said spindle and carriage, a work-retaining chuck mounted on the carriage, a tool holder carried by the spindle, a tool carrier guided in said holder for movements transversely of the spindle axis, and means for transversely adjusting said carrier, said means comprising a sleeve mounted for axial movement on said holder and having a circumferential groove, a floating lever engaged in said groove, a lever-operating member pivotally connected at each of the opposite ends of said lever, manual operating means connected to one of said members, and means connected to the other of said operating members and operative automatically in timed relation with the rotation of said spindle, each of said operating members being adapted to form a fulcrum about which said lever may turn when actuated by the operating means connected to the other of said members.

ALBERT F. FISCHER. 

